virtual hosting with sendmail
Virtual mail is the ability of a box to handle email for more than one domain.
I’m already running several domains and websites on this box. Now I’m looking at how
I can manage the mail in a more efficient manner.
the problem
I host several domains. Several people have accounts on my box. The way
it’s set up now, mail sent to either terry@fakedomain1.org or terry@anotherfake1.edu both
arrive in Eric’s mailbox. In reality, I want only one domain to work for
Terry. All others should bounce.
I first searched the FreeBSD Mailing list
archives to see what I could find. With a search string of "mail and
virtual" I found a reference to the sendmail
FAQ. DOH! That’s where I should have started in the first place. Right
there on the homepage there is a mention of Virtual Hosting. It refers to http://www.sendmail.org/virtual-hosting.html
which is what I used as the basic for this document. Please read this article in
conjunction with that URL.
sendmail configuration
I already had my DNS configured. So, for me, the first step was sendmail
configuration.
Here is what I added to my .mc file. I was already using the
virtusertable feature. So I didn’t have to add that. See the sendmail
page for details.
# # Things for virtual domains. see # http://www.sendmail.org/virtual-hosting.html # FEATURE(genericstable, hash -o /etc/mail/genericstable)dnl GENERICS_DOMAIN_FILE(/etc/sendmail.cG)dnlNote that the above path for genericstable differs from that supplied in the sendmail
example. Then I did the following:# cd /usr/ports/mail/sendmail-8.9.3/cf/cf # m4 ../m4/cf.m4 ducky.mc > ducky.cf # cp ducky.cf /etc/sendmail.cf # killall -hup sendmailThis compiles the .mc file, copies it to /etc, then HUPs sendmail so it reads
it.
/etc/mail/virtusertable – incoming mail
Here are the entries I added to /etc/mail/virtusertable. Note that
there is a tab between the address on the left and the text on the right. Do not use
spaces.
terry@fakedomain1.org terry terry@anotherfake1.edu error:nouser No such user here
After saving these changes, I issued the following command:
[root@ducky:/etc/mail] # makemap hash virtusertable <
virtusertable
In this case, mail sent to terry@fakedomain1.org will be delivered to the local user
terry. But mail sent to terry@anotherfake1.edu will fail. This is good.
However, if I have another domain on my box, say realdomain.com, mail sent to
terry@realdomain.com will be delivered to terry’s mailbox. This is not good.
Apart from adding an "error:nouser" line for each domain/user combination, I
don’t know how to get around this. Check back later.
Well, it’s now later. Here’s what I’m doing for my incoming mail. I use
/etc/mail/virtusertable and I have a section within that file for each domain. So I
have something like this:
# # firstdomain.org # owner-majordomo@firstdomain.org owner-majordomo-nz-freebsd-org majordomo-owner@firstdomain.org owner-majordomo-nz-freebsd-org majordomo@firstdomain.org majordomo-nz-freebsd-org marc@firstdomain.org marc @firstdomain.org error:nouser No such user here
For firstdomain.org, the first three entires are for are majordomo (the names on the
right hand side will in turn be resolved by some other aliases, but that is beyond the
scope of this example). The mail for marc@firstdomain.org is delivered locally to
marc’s mailbox. All other mail for this domain is rejected with an error message.
# # fakedomain.com # owner-majordomo@fakedomain.com owner-majordomo-racingsystem-com majordomo-owner@fakedomain.com owner-majordomo-racingsystem-com majordomo@fakedomain.com majordomo-racingsystem-com
For fakedomain.com, only these aliases are allowed. I’m not sure what would happen for
other mail for this domain. But if it matched a local user, it would be delivered to
them. It’s far better to have a wildcard alias for each domain (such as
@fakedomain.com).
# # other.org # marc@other.org dan se@other.org sue@lather.org @other.org dan
For other.org, mail for marc is delivered locally. Mail for se is delivered to
sue@lather.org. All other mail for this domain is sent to mar.
genericstable – outgoing mail
NOTE: this section applies only to messages which do not explicitly set the
"From:" field. So if you are using a mail client which sets this field,
sendmail will not override it using genericstable.
The genericstable file controls the
"from address" on outgoing mail [if it has not already been set]. Here is
an example of the mail headers for terry before I added genericstable support. I
first sent a test message to someone at another domain:
echo 'test msg' | sendmail test@anotherdomain.org
The recieved message looked this like:
Date sent: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 18:25:18 +1300 (NZDT) From: Terry Paterson <chuck@ducky.nz.freebsd.org><terry@myhost.mydomain.org> test msg
Well, terry isn’t part of mydomain.org, although he does have an account on
ns.mydomain.org. But I don’t want him looking as if he’s part of my domain. So
tere’s what I put in /etc/mail/genericstable (remember to use tabs, not
spaces):
terry terry@fakedomain1.org
Note that the my path for genericstable differs from that supplied in the sendmail
example. I put my genericstable database in /etc/mail instead of /etc.
Therefore, when I make my genericstable database, I do so in the indicated directory:
[root@ducky:/etc/mail] # makemap hash genericstable
< genericstable
Then I used the same test message. This time, the message arrived looking like
this:
Date sent: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 18:37:23 +1300 (NZDT) From: Terry Patterson <terry@fakedomain1.org>
envelopes
This is from observation. It may well be wrong. Confirmation would be
appreciated. Unless otherwise specified, the "From:" field contains the
fully qualified host name of the box on which sendmail is running. For
example, host.mydomain.org. I don’t like that. I’d rather just have the domain
name.
Under normal conditions, the mail headers contain the fully qualified host name of
the box on which sendmail is running. That is, the output from hostname.
To change this, you can use this feature:
MASQUERADE_AS(something.yourdomain.org)
In which case, the "From" and "Send reply to:" fields of outgoing
mail will appear to be from something.yourdomain.org.
The above test message looks pretty good. But closer inspection reveals something
else. If you look at the mail headers for the last test message, it will look like
this:
Return-Path: <terry@host.mydomain.org>
Delivered-To: test@anotherdomain.org
X-Envelope-To: test@anotherdomain.org
Received: (qmail 24380 invoked by alias);
27 Nov 1999 05:44:27 -0000
Delivered-To: test@anotherdomain.org
Received: (qmail 24375 invoked by alias);
27 Nov 1999 05:44:27 -0000
Received: from host.mydomain.org (my.ip.add.ress)
by renee.anotherdomain.org with SMTP;
27 Nov 1999 05:44:27 -0000
Received: (from chuck@localhost)
by host.mydomain.org (8.9.3/8.9.3) id SAA84718
for test@anotherdomain.org;
Sat, 27 Nov 1999 18:44:25 +1300 (NZDT)
Date: Sat, 27 Nov 1999 18:44:25 +1300 (NZDT)
From: Terry Patterson <terry@fakedomain1.org>
Message-Id: <199911270544.SAA84718@host.mydomain.org>
X-PMFLAGS: 33554560 0 1 P5C750.CNM
test msg
So I added the following line to my .mc file and recompiled it. Don’t forget to
HUP sendmail.
FEATURE(masquerade_envelope)
This changes the return path to be this:
Return-Path: <terry@fakedomain1.org>
Other virtual sendmail references
http://cybernut.com/guides/virtual.html#v_mail
– Does not deal with .mc only .cf
In newer versions of sendmail, the file containing the hosted domains has been changed to local-host-names
Thanks. I couldn’t find where the article mentioned files in older versions of sendmail. Please copy/paste the part in question. Thanks.